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Michael works by computing an 8-byte check value called the message integrity code (MIC) and appending this to the MSDU prior to transmission. The MIC is computed over the entire (unencrypted) data in the frame and also the source and destination MAC addresses. Michael was invented by Neils Ferguson (2002) and was designed specifically to address the special needs of TKIP, in particular the need to be implemented using a relatively low power processor and without high-speed hardware multiply. The adoption of Michael by the standards group was somewhat controversial. The algorithm is new, and 'new' is considered a bad word by cryptographers. Windows 7 Professional 64 Bit Iso Image Free Download more.

Cryptographers like well-studied algorithms. Furthermore, the security level, measured by the equivalent key bit size, is low?the design goal is only 20 bits of security, so a randomly chosen MIC value has about a one in a million chance of being accepted as valid. One in a million is not considered to be very rare by cryptographic standards. As a result of this weakness, mandatory countermeasures were added to stop an attacker from making rapidly repeating attempts with random MIC value. There are several well-known ways to implement a MIC with very high levels of security; the problem is that these methods are just too processing intensive to be run by older equipment already in the field. Because the whole point of TKIP was to allow upgrade of that equipment, these attractive methods were simply not viable. The weaknesses of Michael are in no way criticisms.